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In
his native Dominican Republic,
merengue superstar Juan Luis Guerra is considered a poet and musician of
the people. He and his band 440 are much loved throughout the Latino world
and he has become one of the new wave of artists responsible for
revitalizing the tropical music that had been languishing during the late
'80s from overplay and lack of innovation.
Guerra is the son of a professional baseball player and grew up next to
the National Music Gallery. As a teen, he was influenced by the Beatles
and by the music of the U.S. hippies. Initially, he taught himself the
basics of guitar playing, but after winning a contest, attended the
National Conservatory on a scholarship. One of his instructors then helped
Guerra get into the prestigious Berklee College of Music in Massachusetts
and the many genres of jazz. In time, he found he missed his native
Dominican Republic and so returned to experiment with blending local
African-influenced music, folk songs and jazz with his group 440. The band
takes its name from the universal tuning pattern of the A note, 440 Hertz.
The name was chosen by Guerra's brother José Gilberto who used to sit and
watch them rehearse. One day he commented that they seemed so obsessed
with staying in perfect tune that they should call themselves that.
Their debut album, Soplando, made little impact. For their next
efforts, Mudanza y Acarreo and Mientras Más Lo Pienso Tu,
Guerra and 440 began adding merengue and lightning-quick riffs of "perico
ripiao," and suddenly found success with a young crowd tired from hearing
the same old thing. The new music, called "bachata-merengue," soon won
considerable acclaim in the Dominican Republic. The group was selected by
their government to represent the country in the International Music
Festival of OTI, the Oraganization of Iberoamerican Television. In 1988,
Guerra and 440 had one of their biggest hits, Ojalá Que Llueva Café,
which became the third best-selling album in Latin America. That year he
lost his lead vocalist, Maridalia Hernández, who left to pursue her solo
career in Europe, leaving Guerra to become the new lead singer. In 1991,
he released Bachata Rose which became a smash hit throughout the
Americas and won Guerra his first Grammy in the U.S. The album was
particularly popular in Los Angeles and soon Guerra and his band were
touring. His next album, Areito, caused controversy in the
Dominican Republic for speaking out against social injustice that the
desperately poor felt Guerra had never personally experienced. Still, he
must be given credit for his sincerity and interest in improving things in
his oft-troubled homeland. Musically, Guerra changed directions again for
his 1995 effort Fogaraté. This album incorporated more of the
increasingly popular African soukous music. It became quite popular. His
1998 release Ni Es Lo Mismo Ni Es Igual garnered Guerra three
Grammys for Best Merengue Performance, Best Tropical Song for El
Niagara en Bicicleta, and for Best Engineered Album at the first
annual Latin Grammy Awards in fall 2000.
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